《治安策》拼音版

治zhi安an策ce

臣chen窃qie惟wei事shi势shi，可ke为wei痛tong哭ku者zhe一yi，可ke为wei流liu涕ti者zhe二er，可ke为wei长chang太tai息xi者zhe六liu，若ruo其qi它ta背bei理li而er伤shang道dao者zhe，难nan遍bian以yi疏shu举ju。进jin言yan者zhe皆jie曰yue天tian下xia已yi安an已yi治zhi矣yi，臣chen独du以yi为wei未wei也ye。曰yue安an且qie治zhi者zhe，非fei愚yu则ze谀yu，皆jie非fei事shi实shi知zhi治zhi乱luan之zhi体ti者zhe也ye。夫fu抱bao火huo厝cuo之zhi积ji薪xin之zhi下xia而er寝qin其qi上shang，火huo未wei及ji燃ran，因yin谓wei之zhi安an，方fang今jin之zhi势shi，何he以yi异yi此ci！本ben末mo舛chuan逆ni，首shou尾wei衡heng决jue，国guo制zhi抢qiang攘rang，非fei甚shen有you纪ji，胡hu可ke谓wei治zhi！陛bi下xia何he不bu一yi令ling臣chen得de熟shu数shu之zhi于yu前qian，因yin陈chen治zhi安an之zhi策ce，试shi详xiang择ze焉yan！夫fu射she猎lie之zhi娱yu，与yu安an危wei之zhi机ji孰shu急ji？使shi为wei治zhi劳lao智zhi虑lv，苦ku身shen体ti，乏fa钟zhong鼓gu之zhi乐le，勿wu为wei可ke也ye。乐le与yu今jin同tong，而er加jia之zhi诸zhu侯hou轨gui道dao，兵bing革ge不bu动dong，民min保bao首shou领ling，匈xiong叙xu宾bin服fu，四si荒huang乡xiang风feng，百bai姓xing素su朴pu，狱yu讼song衰shuai息xi。大da数shu既ji得de，则ze天tian下xia顺shun治zhi，海hai内nei之zhi气qi，清qing和he咸xian理li，生sheng为wei明ming帝di，没mei为wei明ming神shen，名ming誉yu之zhi美mei，垂chui于yu无wu穷qiong。《礼li》祖zu有you功gong而er宗zong有you德de，使shi顾gu成cheng之zhi庙miao称cheng为wei太tai宗zong，上shang配pei太tai祖zu，与yu汉han亡wang极ji。建jian久jiu安an之zhi势shi，成cheng长chang治zhi之zhi业ye，以yi承cheng祖zu庙miao，以yi奉feng六liu亲qin，至zhi孝xiao也ye；以yi幸xing天tian下xia，以yi育yu群qun生sheng，至zhi仁ren也ye；立li经jing陈chen纪ji，轻qing重zhong同tong得de，后hou可ke以yi为wei万wan世shi法fa程cheng，虽sui有you愚yu幼you不bu肖xiao之zhi嗣si，犹you得de蒙meng业ye而er安an，至zhi明ming也ye。以yi陛bi下xia之zhi明ming达da，因yin使shi少shao知zhi治zhi体ti者zhe得de佐zuo下xia风feng，致zhi此ci非fei难nan也ye。其qi具ju可ke素su陈chen于yu前qian，愿yuan幸xing无wu忽hu。臣chen谨jin稽ji之zhi天tian地di，验yan之zhi往wang古gu，按an之zhi当dang今jin之zhi务wu，日ri夜ye念nian此ci至zhi孰shu也ye，虽sui使shi禹yu舜shun复fu生sheng，为wei陛bi下xia计ji，亡wang以yi易yi此ci。夫fu树shu国guo固gu，必bi相xiang疑yi之zhi势shi也ye，下xia数shu被bei其qi殃yang，上shang数shu爽shuang其qi忧you，甚shen非fei所suo以yi安an上shang而er全quan下xia也ye。今jin或huo亲qin弟di谋mou为wei东dong帝di，亲qin兄xiong之zhi子zi西xi乡xiang而er击ji，今jin吴wu又you见jian告gao矣yi。天tian子zi春chun秋qiu鼎ding盛sheng，行xing义yi未wei过guo，德de泽ze有you加jia焉yan，犹you尚shang如ru是shi，况kuang莫mo大da诸zhu侯hou权quan力li且qie十shi此ci者zhe乎hu！然ran而er天tian下xia少shao安an，何he也ye？大da国guo之zhi王wang幼you弱ruo未wei壮zhuang，汉han之zhi所suo置zhi傅fu相xiang方fang握wo其qi事shi。数shu年nian之zhi后hou，诸zhu侯hou之zhi王wang大da抵di皆jie冠guan，血xue气qi方fang刚gang，汉han之zhi傅fu相xiang称cheng病bing而er赐ci罢ba，彼bi自zi丞cheng尉wei以yi上shang徧bian置zhi私si人ren，如ru此ci，有you异yi淮huai南nan、济ji北bei之zhi为wei邪xie？此ci时shi而er欲yu为wei治zhi安an，虽sui尧yao舜shun不bu治zhi。黄huang帝di曰yue：“日ri中zhong必bi熭wei，操cao刀dao必bi割ge。”今jin令ling此ci道dao顺shun，而er全quan安an甚shen易yi；不bu肯ken早zao为wei，已yi乃nai堕duo骨gu肉rou之zhi属shu而er抗kang刭jing之zhi，岂qi有you异yi秦qin之zhi季ji世shi乎hu！夫fu以yi天tian子zi之zhi位wei，乘cheng今jin之zhi时shi，因yin天tian之zhi助zhu，尚shang惮dan以yi危wei为wei安an，以yi乱luan为wei治zhi，假jia设she陛bi下xia居ju齐qi桓huan之zhi处chu，将jiang不bu合he诸zhu侯hou而er匡kuang天tian下xia乎hu？臣chen又you以yi知zhi陛bi下xia有you所suo必bi不bu能neng矣yi。假jia设she天tian下xia如ru曩nang时shi，淮huai阴yin侯hou尚shang王wang楚chu，黥qing布bu王wang淮huai南nan，彭peng越yue王wang梁liang，韩han信xin王wang韩han，张zhang敖ao王wang赵zhao，贯guan高gao为wei相xiang，卢lu绾wan王wang燕yan，陈chen狶xi在zai代dai，令ling此ci六liu七qi公gong者zhe皆jie亡wang恙yang，当dang是shi时shi而er陛bi下xia即ji天tian子zi位wei，能neng自zi安an乎hu？臣chen有you以yi知zhi陛bi下xia之zhi不bu能neng也ye。天tian下xia肴yao乱luan，高gao皇huang帝di与yu诸zhu公gong倂bing起qi，非fei有you仄ze室shi之zhi势shi以yi豫yu席xi之zhi也ye。诸zhu公gong幸xing者zhe乃nai为wei中zhong涓juan，其qi次ci仅jin得de舍she人ren，材cai之zhi不bu逮dai至zhi远yuan也ye。高gao皇huang帝di以yi明ming圣sheng威wei武wu即ji天tian子zi位wei，割ge膏gao腴yu之zhi地di以yi王wang诸zhu公gong，多duo者zhe百bai余yu城cheng，少shao者zhe乃nai三san四si十shi县xian，德de至zhi渥wo也ye，然ran其qi后hou十shi年nian之zhi间jian，反fan者zhe九jiu起qi。陛bi下xia之zhi与yu诸zhu公gong，非fei亲qin角jiao材cai而er臣chen之zhi也ye，又you非fei身shen封feng王wang之zhi也ye，自zi高gao皇huang帝di不bu能neng以yi是shi一yi岁sui为wei安an，故gu臣chen知zhi陛bi下xia之zhi不bu能neng也ye。然ran尚shang有you可ke诿wei者zhe，曰yue疏shu。臣chen请qing试shi言yan其qi亲qin者zhe。假jia令ling悼dao惠hui王wang王wang齐qi，元yuan王wang王wang楚chu，中zhong子zi王wang赵zhao，幽you王wang王wang淮huai阳yang，共gong王wang王wang梁liang，灵ling王wang王wang燕yan，厉li王wang王wang淮huai南nan，六liu七qi贵gui人ren皆jie亡wang恙yang，当dang是shi时shi陛bi下xia即ji位wei，能neng为wei治zhi乎hu？臣chen又you知zhi陛bi下xia之zhi不bu能neng也ye。若ruo此ci诸zhu王wang，虽sui名ming为wei臣chen，实shi皆jie有you布bu衣yi昆kun弟di之zhi心xin，虑lv无wu不bu帝di制zhi而er天tian子zi自zi为wei者zhe。擅shan爵jue人ren，赦she死si罪zui，甚shen者zhe或huo戴dai黄huang屋wu，汉han法fa令ling非fei行xing也ye。虽sui行xing不bu轨gui如ru厉li王wang者zhe，令ling之zhi不bu肯ken听ting，召zhao之zhi安an可ke致zhi乎hu！幸xing而er来lai至zhi，法fa安an可ke得de加jia！动dong一yi亲qin戚qi，天tian下xia圜yuan视shi而er起qi，陛bi下xia之zhi臣chen虽sui有you悍han如ru冯feng敬jing者zhe，适shi启qi其qi口kou，匕bi首shou已yi陷xian其qi胸xiong矣yi。陛bi下xia虽sui贤xian，谁shui与yu领ling此ci？故gu疏shu者zhe必bi危wei，亲qin者zhe必bi乱luan，已yi然ran之zhi效xiao也ye。其qi异yi姓xing负fu强qiang而er动dong者zhe，汉han已yi幸xing胜sheng之zhi矣yi，又you不bu易yi其qi所suo以yi然ran。同tong姓xing袭xi是shi迹ji而er动dong，既ji有you徵zheng矣yi，其qi势shi尽jin又you复fu然ran。殃yang祸huo之zhi变bian未wei知zhi所suo移yi，明ming帝di处chu之zhi尚shang不bu能neng以yi安an，后hou世shi将jiang如ru之zhi何he！屠tu牛niu坦tan一yi朝chao解jie十shi二er牛niu，而er芒mang刃ren不bu顿dun者zhe，所suo排pai击ji剥bao割ge，皆jie众zhong理li解jie也ye。至zhi于yu髋kuan髀bi之zhi所suo，非fei斤jin则ze斧fu。夫fu仁ren义yi恩en厚hou，人ren主zhu之zhi芒mang刃ren也ye；权quan势shi法fa制zhi，人ren主zhu之zhi斤jin斧fu也ye。今jin诸zhu侯hou王wang皆jie众zhong髋kuan髀bi也ye，释shi斤jin斧fu之zhi用yong，而er欲yu婴ying以yi芒mang刃ren，臣chen以yi为wei不bu缺que则ze折zhe。胡hu不bu用yong之zhi淮huai南nan、济ji北bei？势shi不bu可ke也ye。臣chen窃qie迹ji前qian事shi，大da抵di强qiang者zhe先xian反fan，淮huai阴yin王wang楚chu最zui强qiang，则ze最zui先xian反fan；韩han信xin倚yi胡hu，则ze又you反fan；贯guan高gao因yin赵zhao资zi，则ze又you反fan；陈chen狶xi兵bing精jing，则ze又you反fan；彭peng越yue用yong梁liang，则ze又you反fan；黥qing布bu用yong淮huai南nan，则ze又you反fan；卢lu绾wan最zui弱ruo，最zui后hou反fan。长chang沙sha乃nai在zai二er万wan五wu千qian户hu耳er，功gong少shao而er最zui完wan，势shi疏shu而er最zui忠zhong，非fei独du性xing异yi人ren也ye，亦yi形xing势shi然ran也ye。曩nang令ling樊fan、郦li、绛jiang、灌guan据ju数shu十shi城cheng而er王wang，今jin虽sui以yi残can亡wang可ke也ye；令ling信xin、越yue之zhi伦lun列lie为wei彻che侯hou而er居ju，虽sui至zhi今jin存cun可ke也ye。然ran则ze天tian下xia之zhi大da计ji可ke知zhi已yi。欲yu诸zhu王wang之zhi皆jie忠zhong附fu，则ze莫mo若ruo令ling如ru长chang沙sha王wang，欲yu臣chen子zi之zhi勿wu菹zu醢hai，则ze莫mo若ruo令ling如ru樊fan郦li等deng；欲yu天tian下xia之zhi治zhi安an，莫mo若ruo众zhong建jian诸zhu侯hou而er少shao其qi力li。力li少shao则ze易yi使shi以yi义yi，国guo小xiao则ze亡wang邪xie心xin。令ling海hai内nei之zhi势shi如ru身shen之zhi使shi臂bi，臂bi之zhi使shi指zhi，莫mo不bu制zhi从cong。诸zhu侯hou之zhi君jun不bu敢gan有you异yi心xin，辐fu凑cou并bing进jin而er归gui命ming天tian子zi，虽sui在zai细xi民min，且qie知zhi其qi安an，故gu天tian下xia咸xian知zhi陛bi下xia之zhi明ming。割ge地di定ding制zhi，令ling齐qi、赵zhao、楚chu各ge为wei若ruo干gan国guo，使shi悼dao惠hui王wang、幽you王wang、元yuan王wang之zhi子zi孙sun毕bi以yi次ci各ge受shou祖zu之zhi分fen地di，地di尽jin而er止zhi，及ji燕yan、梁liang它ta国guo皆jie然ran。其qi分fen地di众zhong而er子zi孙sun少shao者zhe，建jian以yi为wei国guo，空kong而er置zhi之zhi，须xu其qi子zi孙sun生sheng者zhe，举ju使shi君jun之zhi。诸zhu侯hou之zhi地di其qi削xiao颇po入ru汉han者zhe，为wei徙xi其qi侯hou国guo，及ji封feng其qi子zi孙sun也ye，所suo以yi数shu偿chang之zhi；一yi寸cun之zhi地di，一yi人ren之zhi众zhong，天tian子zi亡wang所suo利li焉yan，诚cheng以yi定ding治zhi而er已yi，故gu天tian下xia咸xian知zhi陛bi下xia之zhi廉lian。地di制zhi壹yi定ding，宗zong室shi子zi孙sun莫mo虑lv不bu王wang，下xia无wu倍bei畔pan之zhi心xin，上shang无wu诛zhu伐fa之zhi志zhi，故gu天tian下xia咸xian知zhi陛bi下xia之zhi仁ren。法fa立li而er不bu犯fan，令ling行xing而er不bu逆ni，贯guan高gao、利li几ji之zhi谋mou不bu生sheng，柴chai奇qi、开kai章zhang不bu计ji不bu萌meng，细xi民min乡xiang善shan，大da臣chen致zhi顺shun，故gu天tian下xia咸xian知zhi陛bi下xia之zhi义yi。卧wo赤chi子zi天tian下xia之zhi上shang而er安an，植zhi遗yi腹fu，朝chao委wei裘qiu，而er天tian下xia不bu乱luan。当dang时shi大da治zhi，后hou世shi诵song圣sheng。壹yi动dong而er五wu业ye附fu，陛bi下xia谁shui惮dan而er久jiu不bu为wei此ci？天tian下xia之zhi势shi方fang病bing大da瘇zhong。一yi胫jing之zhi大da几ji如ru要yao，一yi指zhi之zhi大da几ji如ru股gu，平ping居ju不bu可ke屈qu信xin，一yi二er指zhi搐chu，身shen虑lv亡wang聊liao。失shi今jin不bu治zhi，必bi为wei锢gu疾ji，后hou虽sui有you扁bian鹊que，不bu能neng为wei已yi。病bing非fei徒tu瘇zhong也ye，又you苦ku蹠zhi戾li。元yuan王wang之zhi子zi，帝di之zhi从cong弟di也ye，今jin之zhi王wang者zhe，从cong弟di之zhi子zi也ye。惠hui王wang之zhi子zi，亲qin兄xiong子zi也ye；今jin之zhi王wang者zhe，兄xiong子zi之zhi子zi也ye。亲qin者zhe或huo亡wang分fen地di以yi安an天tian下xia，疏shu者zhe或huo制zhi大da权quan以yi逼bi天tian子zi，臣chen故gu曰yue非fei徒tu病bing瘇zhong也ye，又you苦ku蹠zhi戾li。可ke痛tong哭ku者zhe，此ci病bing是shi也ye。天tian下xia之zhi势shi方fang倒dao县xian。凡fan天tian子zi者zhe，天tian下xia之zhi首shou，何he也ye？上shang也ye。蛮man夷yi者zhe，天tian下xia之zhi足zu，何he也ye？下xia也ye。今jin匈xiong奴nu嫚man娒mu侵qin掠lue，至zhi不bu敬jing也ye，为wei天tian下xia患huan，至zhi亡wang已yi也ye，而er汉han岁sui金jin絮xu采cai缯zeng以yi奉feng之zhi。夷yi狄di征zheng令ling，是shi主zhu上shang之zhi操cao也ye；天tian子zi共gong贡gong，是shi臣chen下xia之zhi礼li也ye。足zu反fan居ju上shang，首shou顾gu居ju下xia，倒dao县xian如ru此ci，莫mo之zhi能neng解jie，犹you为wei国guo有you人ren乎hu？非fei亶dan倒dao县xian而er已yi，又you类lei辟bi，且qie病bing痱fei。夫fu辟bi者zhe一yi面mian病bing，痱fei者zhe一yi方fang痛tong。今jin西xi边bian北bei边bian之zhi郡jun，虽sui有you长chang爵jue不bu轻qing得de复fu，五wu尺chi以yi上shang不bu轻qing得de息xi，斥chi候hou望wang烽feng燧sui不bu得de卧wo，将jiang吏li被bei介jie胄zhou而er睡shui，臣chen故gu曰yue一yi方fang病bing矣yi。医yi能neng治zhi之zhi，而er上shang不bu使shi，可ke为wei流liu涕ti者zhe此ci也ye。陛bi下xia何he忍ren以yi帝di皇huang之zhi号hao为wei戎rong人ren诸zhu侯hou，势shi既ji卑bei辱ru，而er祸huo不bu息xi，长chang此ci安an穷qiong！进jin谋mou者zhe率lv以yi为wei是shi，固gu不bu可ke解jie也ye，亡wang具ju甚shen矣yi。臣chen窃qie料liao匈xiong奴nu之zhi众zhong不bu过guo汉han一yi大da县xian，以yi天tian下xia之zhi大da困kun于yu一yi县xian之zhi众zhong，甚shen为wei执zhi事shi者zhe羞xiu之zhi。陛bi下xia何he不bu试shi以yi臣chen为wei属shu国guo之zhi官guan以yi主zhu匈xiong奴nu？行xing臣chen之zhi计ji，请qing必bi系xi单dan于yu之zhi颈jing而er制zhi其qi命ming，伏fu中zhong行xing说shuo而er笞chi其qi背bei，举ju匈xiong奴nu之zhi众zhong唯wei上shang之zhi令ling。今jin不bu猎lie猛meng敌di而er猎lie田tian彘zhi，不bu搏bo反fan寇kou而er搏bo畜xu菟tu，玩wan细xi娱yu而er不bu图tu大da患huan，非fei所suo以yi为wei安an也ye。德de可ke远yuan施shi，威wei可ke远yuan加jia，而er直zhi数shu百bai里li外wai威wei令ling不bu信xin，可ke为wei流liu涕ti者zhe此ci也ye。今jin民min卖mai僮tong者zhe，为wei之zhi绣xiu衣yi丝si履lv偏pian诸zhu缘yuan，内nei之zhi闲xian中zhong，是shi古gu天tian子zi后hou服fu，所suo以yi庙miao而er不bu宴yan者zhe也ye，而er庶shu人ren得de以yi衣yi婢bi妾qie。白bai縠hu之zhi表biao，薄bao纨wan之zhi里li，以yi偏pian诸zhu，美mei者zhe黼fu绣xiu，是shi古gu天tian子zi之zhi服fu，今jin富fu人ren大da贾jia嘉jia会hui召zhao客ke者zhe以yi被bei墙qiang。古gu者zhe以yi奉feng一yi帝di一yi后hou而er节jie适shi，今jin庶shu人ren屋wu壁bi得de为wei帝di服fu，倡chang优you下xia贱jian得de为wei后hou饰shi，然ran而er天tian下xia不bu屈qu者zhe，殆dai未wei有you也ye。且qie帝di之zhi身shen自zi衣yi皁zao绨ti，而er富fu民min墙qiang屋wu被bei文wen绣xiu；天tian子zi之zhi后hou以yi缘yuan其qi领ling，庶shu人ren孽nie妾qie缘yuan其qi履lv：此ci臣chen所suo谓wei舛chuan也ye。夫fu百bai人ren作zuo之zhi不bu能neng衣yi一yi人ren，欲yu天tian下xia亡wang寒han，胡hu可ke得de也ye？一yi人ren耕geng之zhi，十shi人ren聚ju而er食shi之zhi，欲yu天tian下xia亡wang饥ji，不bu可ke得de也ye。饥ji寒han切qie于yu民min之zhi肌ji肤fu，欲yu其qi亡wang为wei奸jian邪xie，不bu可ke得de也ye。国guo已yi屈qu矣yi，盗dao贼zei直zhi须xu时shi耳er，然ran而er献xian计ji者zhe曰yue“毋wu动dong”，为wei大da耳er。夫fu俗su至zhi大da不bu敬jing也ye，至zhi亡wang等deng也ye，至zhi冒mao上shang也ye，进jin计ji者zhe犹you曰yue“毋wu为wei”，可ke为wei长chang太tai息xi者zhe此ci也ye。商shang君jun遗yi礼li义yi，弃qi仁ren恩en，并bing心xin于yu进jin取qu。行xing之zhi二er岁sui，秦qin俗su日ri败bai。故gu秦qin人ren家jia富fu子zi壮zhuang则ze出chu分fen，家jia贫pin子zi壮zhuang则ze出chu赘zhui。借jie父fu耰you鉏chu，虑lv有you德de色se；母mu取qu箕ji帚zhou，立li而er谇sui语yu。抱bao哺bu其qi于yu，与yu公gong并bing倨ju；妇fu姑gu不bu相xiang说shuo，则ze反fan唇chun而er相xiang稽ji。其qi慈ci子zi耆qi利li，不bu同tong禽qin兽shou者zhe亡wang几ji耳er。然ran并bing心xin而er赴fu时shi犹you曰yue蹶jue六liu国guo，兼jian天tian下xia。功gong成cheng求qiu得de矣yi，终zhong不bu知zhi反fan廉lian愧kui之zhi节jie，仁ren义yi之zhi厚hou。信xin并bing兼jian之zhi法fa，遂sui进jin取qu之zhi业ye，天tian下xia大da败bai，众zhong掩yan寡gua，智zhi欺qi愚yu，勇yong威wei怯qie，壮zhuang陵ling衰shuai，其qi乱luan至zhi矣yi，是shi以yi大da贤xian起qi之zhi，威wei震zhen海hai内nei，德de从cong天tian下xia。曩nang之zhi为wei秦qin者zhe，今jin转zhuan而er为wei汉han矣yi。然ran其qi遗yi风feng余yu俗su，犹you尚shang未wei改gai。今jin世shi以yi侈chi靡mi相xiang竞jing，而er上shang亡wang制zhi度du，弃qi礼li谊yi，捐juan廉lian耻chi日ri甚shen，可ke谓wei月yue异yi而er岁sui不bu同tong矣yi。逐zhu利li不bu耳er，虑lv非fei顾gu行xing也ye，今jin其qi甚shen者zhe杀sha父fu兄xiong矣yi。盗dao者zhe剟duo寝qin户hu之zhi帘lian，搴qian两liang庙miao之zhi器qi，白bai昼zhou大da都du之zhi中zhong剽piao吏li而er夺duo之zhi金jin。矫jiao伪wei者zhe出chu几ji十shi万wan石shi粟su，赋fu六liu百bai余yu万wan钱qian，乘cheng传zhuan而er行xing郡jun国guo，此ci其qi亡wang行xing义yi之zhi尤you至zhi者zhe也ye。而er大da臣chen特te以yi簿bu书shu不bu报bao，期qi会hui之zhi间jian，以yi为wei大da故gu。至zhi于yu俗su流liu失shi，世shi坏huai败bai，因yin恬tian而er不bu知zhi怪guai，虑lv不bu动dong于yu耳er目mu，以yi为wei是shi适shi然ran耳er。夫fu移yi风feng易yi俗su，使shi天tian下xia回hui心xin而er乡xiang道dao，类lei非fei俗su吏li之zhi所suo能neng为wei也ye。俗su吏li之zhi所suo务wu，在zai于yu刀dao笔bi筐kuang箧qie，而er不bu知zhi大da体ti。陛bi下xia又you不bu自zi忧you，窃qie为wei陛bi下xia惜xi之zhi。夫fu立li君jun臣chen，等deng上shang下xia，使shi父fu子zi有you礼li，六liu亲qin有you纪ji，此ci非fei天tian之zhi所suo为wei，人ren之zhi所suo设she也ye。夫fu人ren之zhi所suo设she，不bu为wei不bu立li，不bu植zhi则ze僵jiang，不bu修xiu则ze坏huai。《管guan子zi》曰yue：“礼li义yi廉lian耻chi，是shi谓wei四si维wei；四si维wei不bu张zhang，国guo乃nai灭mie亡wang。”使shi管guan子zi愚yu人ren也ye则ze可ke，管guan子zi而er少shao知zhi治zhi体ti，则ze是shi岂qi可ke不bu为wei寒han心xin哉zai！秦qin灭mie四si维wei而er不bu张zhang，故gu君jun臣chen乖guai乱luan，六liu亲qin殃yang戮lu，奸jian人ren并bing起qi，万wan民min离li叛pan，凡fan十shi三san岁sui，而er社she稷ji为wei虚xu。今jin四si维wei犹you未wei备bei也ye，故gu奸jian人ren几ji幸xing，而er众zhong心xin疑yi惑huo。岂qi如ru今jin定ding经jing制zhi，令ling君jun君jun臣chen臣chen，上shang下xia有you差cha，父fu子zi六liu亲qin各ge得de其qi宜yi，奸jian人ren亡wang所suo几ji幸xing，而er群qun臣chen众zhong信xin，是shi不bu疑yi惑huo！此ci业ye一yi定ding，世shi世shi常chang安an，而er后hou有you所suo持chi循xun矣yi。若ruo夫fu经jing制zhi不bu定ding，是shi犹you度du江jiang河he亡wang维wei楫ji，中zhong流liu而er遇yu风feng波bo，舩chuan必bi覆fu矣yi。可ke为wei长chang太tai息xi者zhe此ci也ye。夏xia为wei天tian子zi，十shi有you余yu世shi，而er殷yin受shou之zhi。殷yin为wei天tian子zi，二er十shi余yu世shi，而er周zhou受shou之zhi。周zhou为wei天tian子zi，三san十shi余yu世shi，而er秦qin受shou之zhi。秦qin为wei天tian子zi，二er世shi而er亡wang。人ren性xing不bu甚shen相xiang远yuan也ye，何he三san代dai之zhi君jun有you道dao之zhi长chang，而er秦qin无wu道dao之zhi暴bao也ye？其qi故gu可ke知zhi也ye。古gu之zhi王wang者zhe，太tai子zi乃nai生sheng，固gu举ju以yi礼li，使shi士shi负fu之zhi，有you司si齐qi肃su端duan冕mian，见jian之zhi南nan郊jiao，见jian于yu天tian也ye。过guo阙que则ze下xia，过guo庙miao则ze趋qu，孝xiao子zi之zhi道dao也ye。故gu自zi为wei赤chi子zi而er教jiao固gu已yi行xing矣yi。昔xi者zhe成cheng王wang幼you在zai襁qiang抱bao之zhi中zhong，召zhao公gong为wei太tai保bao，周zhou公gong为wei太tai傅fu，太tai公gong为wei太tai师shi。保bao，保bao其qi身shen体ti；傅fu，传zhuan之zhi德de义yi；师shi，道dao之zhi教jiao训xun：此ci三san公gong之zhi职zhi也ye。于yu是shi为wei置zhi三san少shao，皆jie上shang大da夫fu也ye，曰yue少shao保bao、少shao傅fu、少shao师shi，是shi与yu太tai子zi宴yan者zhe也ye。故gu乃nai孩hai子zi提ti有you识shi，三san公gong、三san少shao固gu明ming孝xiao仁ren礼li义yi以yi道dao习xi之zhi，逐zhu去qu邪xie人ren，不bu使shi见jian恶e行xing。于yu是shi皆jie选xuan天tian下xia之zhi端duan士shi孝xiao悌ti博bo闻wen有you道dao术shu者zhe以yi卫wei翼yi之zhi，使shi与yu太tai子zi居ju处chu出chu入ru。故gu太tai子zi乃nai生sheng而er见jian正zheng事shi，闻wen正zheng言yan，行xing正zheng道dao，左zuo右you前qian后hou皆jie正zheng人ren也ye。夫fu习xi与yu正zheng人ren居ju之zhi，不bu能neng毋wu正zheng，犹you生sheng长chang于yu齐qi不bu能neng不bu齐qi言yan也ye；习xi与yu不bu正zheng人ren居ju之zhi，不bu能neng毋wu不bu正zheng，犹you生sheng长chang于yu楚chu之zhi地di不bu能neng不bu楚chu言yan也ye。故gu择ze其qi所suo耆qi，必bi先xian受shou业ye，乃nai得de尝chang之zhi；择ze其qi所suo乐le，必bi先xian有you习xi，乃nai得de为wei之zhi。孔kong子zi曰yue：“少shao成cheng若ruo天tian性xing，习xi贯guan如ru自zi然ran。”及ji太tai子zi少shao长chang，知zhi妃fei色se，则ze入ru于yu学xue。学xue者zhe，所suo学xue之zhi官guan也ye。《学xue礼li》曰yue：“帝di入ru东dong学xue，上shang亲qin而er贵gui仁ren，则ze亲qin疏shu有you序xu而er恩en相xiang及ji矣yi；帝di入ru南nan学xue，上shang齿chi而er贵gui信xin，则ze长chang幼you有you差cha而er民min不bu诬wu矣yi；帝di入ru西xi学xue，上shang贤xian而er贵gui德de，则ze圣sheng智zhi在zai位wei而er功gong不bu遗yi矣yi；帝di入ru北bei学xue，上shang贵gui而er尊zun爵jue，则ze贵gui贱jian有you等deng而er下xia不bu矣yi；帝di入ru太tai学xue，承cheng师shi问wen道dao，退tui习xi而er考kao于yu太tai傅fu，太tai傅fu罚fa其qi不bu则ze而er匡kuang其qi不bu及ji，则ze德de智zhi长chang而er治zhi道dao得de矣yi。此ci五wu学xue者zhe既ji成cheng于yu上shang，则ze百bai姓xing黎li民min化hua辑ji于yu下xia矣yi。”及ji太tai于yu既ji冠guan成cheng人ren，免mian于yu保bao傅fu之zhi严yan，则ze有you记ji过guo之zhi史shi，彻che膳shan之zhi宰zai，进jin善shan之zhi旌jing，诽fei谤bang之zhi木mu，敢gan谏jian之zhi鼓gu。瞽gu史shi诵song诗shi，工gong诵song箴zhen谏jian，大da夫fu进jin谋mou，士shi传zhuan民min语yu。习xi与yu智zhi长chang，故gu切qie而er不bu媿kui；化hua与yu心xin成cheng，故gu中zhong道dao若ruo性xing。三san代dai之zhi礼li：春chun朝chao朝chao日ri，秋qiu暮mu夕xi月yue，所suo以yi明ming有you敬jing也ye；春chun秋qiu入ru学xue，坐zuo国guo老lao，执zhi酱jiang而er亲qin馈kui之zhi，所suo以yi明ming有you孝xiao也ye；行xing以yi鸾luan和he，步bu中zhong《采cai齐qi》，趣qu中zhong《肆si夏xia》，所suo以yi明ming有you度du也ye；其qi于yu禽qin兽shou，见jian其qi生sheng不bu食shi其qi死si，闻wen其qi声sheng不bu食shi其qi肉rou，故gu远yuan庖pao厨chu，所suo以yi长chang恩en，且qie明ming有you仁ren也ye。夫fu三san代dai之zhi所suo以yi长chang久jiu者zhe，以yi其qi辅fu翼yi太tai子zi有you此ci具ju也ye。及ji秦qin而er不bu然ran。其qi俗su固gu非fei贵gui辞ci让rang也ye，所suo上shang者zhe告gao讦jie也ye；固gu非fei贵gui礼li义yi也ye，所suo上shang者zhe刑xing罚fa也ye。使shi赵zhao高gao傅fu胡hu亥hai而er教jiao之zhi狱yu，所suo习xi者zhe非fei斩zhan劓yi人ren，则ze夷yi人ren之zhi三san族zu也ye。故gu胡hu亥hai今jin日ri即ji位wei而er明ming日ri射she人ren，忠zhong谏jian者zhe谓wei之zhi诽fei谤bang，深shen计ji者zhe谓wei之zhi妖yao言yan，其qi视shi杀sha人ren若ruo艾ai草cao菅jian然ran。岂qi惟wei胡hu亥hai之zhi性xing恶e哉zai？彼bi其qi所suo以yi道dao之zhi者zhe非fei其qi理li故gu也ye。鄙bi谚yan曰yue：“不bu习xi为wei吏li，视shi已yi成cheng事shi。”又you曰yue：“前qian车che覆fu，后hou车che诫jie。”夫fu三san代dai之zhi所suo以yi长chang久jiu者zhe，其qi已yi事shi可ke知zhi也ye；然ran而er不bu能neng从cong者zhe，是shi不bu法fa圣sheng智zhi也ye。秦qin世shi之zhi所suo以yi亟ji绝jue者zhe，其qi辙zhe迹ji可ke见jian也ye；然ran而er不bu避bi，是shi后hou车che又you将jiang覆fu也ye。夫fu存cun亡wang之zhi变bian，治zhi乱luan之zhi机ji，其qi要yao在zai是shi矣yi。天tian下xia之zhi命ming，县xian于yu太tai子zi；太tai子zi之zhi善shan，在zai于yu早zao谕yu教jiao与yu选xuan左zuo右you。夫fu心xin未wei滥lan而er先xian谕yu教jiao，则ze化hua易yi成cheng也ye；开kai于yu道dao术shu智zhi谊yi之zhi指zhi，则ze教jiao之zhi力li也ye。若ruo其qi服fu习xi积ji贯guan，则ze左zuo右you而er已yi。夫fu胡hu、粤yue之zhi人ren，生sheng而er同tong声sheng，耆qi欲yu不bu异yi，及ji其qi长chang而er成cheng俗su，累lei数shu译yi而er不bu能neng相xiang通tong，行xing者zhe有you虽sui死si而er不bu相xiang为wei者zhe，则ze教jiao习xi然ran也ye。臣chen故gu曰yue选xuan左zuo右you早zao谕yu教jiao最zui急ji。夫fu教jiao得de而er左zuo右you正zheng，则ze太tai子zi正zheng矣yi，太tai子zi正zheng而er天tian下xia定ding矣yi。《书shu》曰yue：“一yi人ren有you庆qing，兆zhao民min赖lai之zhi。”此ci时shi务wu也ye。凡fan人ren之zhi智zhi，能neng见jian已yi然ran，不bu能neng见jian将jiang然ran。夫fu礼li者zhe禁jin于yu将jiang然ran之zhi前qian，而er法fa者zhe禁jin于yu己ji然ran之zhi后hou，是shi故gu法fa之zhi所suo用yong易yi见jian，而er礼li之zhi所suo为wei生sheng难nan知zhi也ye。若ruo夫fu庆qing赏shang以yi劝quan善shan，刑xing罚fa以yi惩cheng恶e，先xian王wang执zhi此ci之zhi政zheng，坚jian如ru金jin石shi，行xing此ci之zhi令ling，信xin如ru四si时shi，据ju此ci之zhi公gong，无wu私si如ru天tian地di耳er，岂qi顾gu不bu用yong哉zai？然ran而er曰yue礼li云yun礼li云yun者zhe，贵gui绝jue恶e于yu未wei萌meng，而er起qi教jiao于yu微wei眇miao，使shi民min日ri迁qian善shan远yuan罪zui而er不bu自zi知zhi也ye。孔kong子zi曰yue：“听ting讼song，吾wu犹you人ren也ye，必bi也ye使shi毋wu讼song乎hu！”为wei人ren主zhu计ji者zhe，莫mo如ru先xian审shen取qu舍she，取qu舍she之zhi极ji定ding于yu内nei，而er安an危wei之zhi萌meng应ying于yu外wai矣yi。安an者zhe非fei一yi日ri而er安an也ye，危wei者zhe非fei一yi日ri而er危wei也ye，皆jie以yi积ji渐jian然ran，不bu可ke不bu察cha也ye。人ren主zhu之zhi所suo积ji，在zai其qi取qu舍she，以yi礼li义yi治zhi之zhi者zhe，积ji礼li义yi；以yi刑xing罚fa治zhi之zhi者zhe，积ji刑xing罚fa。刑xing罚fa积ji而er民min怨yuan背bei，礼li义yi积ji而er民min和he亲qin。故gu世shi主zhu欲yu民min之zhi善shan同tong，而er所suo以yi使shi民min善shan者zhe或huo异yi。或huo道dao之zhi以yi德de教jiao，或huo殴ou之zhi以yi法fa令ling。道dao之zhi以yi德de教jiao者zhe，德de教jiao洽qia而er民min气qi乐le；殴ou之zhi以yi法fa令ling者zhe，法fa令ling极ji而er民min风feng哀ai。哀ai乐le之zhi感gan，祸huo福fu之zhi应ying也ye。秦qin王wang之zhi欲yu尊zun宗zong庙miao而er安an子zi孙sun，与yu汤tang武wu同tong，然ran而er汤tang武wu广guang大da其qi德de行xing，六liu七qi百bai岁sui而er弗fu失shi，秦qin王wang治zhi天tian下xia，十shi余yu岁sui则ze大da败bai。此ci亡wang它ta故gu矣yi，汤tang武wu之zhi定ding取qu舍she审shen而er秦qin王wang之zhi定ding取qu舍she不bu审shen矣yi。夫fu天tian下xia，大da器qi也ye。今jin人ren之zhi置zhi器qi，置zhi诸zhu安an处chu则ze安an，置zhi诸zhu危wei处chu则ze危wei。天tian下xia之zhi情qing与yu器qi亡wang以yi异yi，在zai天tian子zi之zhi所suo置zhi之zhi。汤tang武wu置zhi天tian下xia于yu仁ren义yi礼li乐le，而er德de泽ze洽qia，禽qin兽shou草cao木mu广guang裕yu，德de被bei蛮man貊mo四si夷yi，累lei子zi孙sun数shu十shi世shi，此ci天tian下xia所suo共gong闻wen也ye。秦qin王wang置zhi天tian下xia于yu法fa令ling刑xing罚fa，德de泽ze亡wang一yi有you，而er怨yuan毒du盈ying于yu世shi，下xia憎zeng恶e之zhi如ru仇chou，祸huo几ji及ji身shen，子zi孙sun诛zhu绝jue，此ci天tian下xia之zhi所suo共gong见jian也ye。是shi非fei其qi明ming效xiao大da验yan邪xie！人ren之zhi言yan曰yue：“听ting言yan之zhi道dao，必bi以yi其qi事shi观guan之zhi，则ze言yan者zhe莫mo敢gan妄wang言yan。”今jin或huo言yan礼li谊yi之zhi不bu如ru法fa令ling，教jiao化hua之zhi不bu如ru刑xing罚fa，人ren主zhu胡hu不bu引yin殷yin、周zhou、秦qin事shi以yi观guan之zhi也ye？人ren主zhu之zhi尊zun譬pi如ru堂tang，群qun臣chen如ru陛bi，众zhong庶shu如ru地di。故gu陛bi九jiu级ji上shang，廉lian远yuan地di，则ze堂tang高gao；陛bi亡wang级ji，廉lian近jin地di，则ze堂tang卑bei。高gao者zhe难nan攀pan，卑bei者zhe易yi陵ling，理li势shi然ran也ye。故gu古gu者zhe圣sheng王wang制zhi为wei等deng列lie，内nei有you公gong卿qing大da夫fu士shi，外wai有you公gong侯hou伯bo子zi男nan，然ran后hou有you官guan师shi小xiao吏li，延yan及ji庶shu人ren，等deng级ji分fen明ming，而er天tian子zi加jia焉yan，故gu其qi尊zun不bu可ke及ji也ye。里li谚yan曰yue：“欲yu投tou鼠shu而er忌ji器qi。”此ci善shan谕yu也ye。鼠shu近jin于yu器qi，尚shang惮dan不bu投tou，恐kong伤shang其qi器qi，况kuang于yu贵gui臣chen之zhi近jin主zhu乎hu！廉lian耻chi节jie礼li以yi治zhi君jun子zi，故gu有you赐ci死si而er亡wang戮lu辱ru。是shi以yi黥qing劓yi之zhi罪zui不bu及ji太tai夫fu，以yi其qi离li主zhu上shang不bu远yuan也ye，礼li不bu敢gan齿chi君jun之zhi路lu马ma，蹴cu其qi刍chu者zhe有you罚fa；见jian君jun之zhi几ji杖zhang则ze起qi，遭zao君jun之zhi乘cheng车che则ze下xia，入ru正zheng门men则ze趋qu；君jun之zhi宠chong臣chen虽sui或huo有you过guo，刑xing戮lu之zhi罪zui不bu加jia其qi身shen者zhe，尊zun君jun之zhi故gu也ye。此ci所suo以yi为wei主zhu上shang豫yu远yuan不bu敬jing也ye，所suo以yi体ti貌mao大da臣chen而er厉li其qi节jie也ye。今jin自zi王wang侯hou三san公gong之zhi贵gui，皆jie天tian子zi之zhi所suo改gai容rong而er礼li之zhi也ye，古gu天tian子zi之zhi所suo谓wei伯bo父fu、伯bo舅jiu也ye，而er令ling与yu众zhong庶shu同tong黥qing劓yi刖yue笞chi弃qi市shi之zhi法fa，然ran则ze堂tang不bu亡wang陛bi乎hu？被bei戮lu辱ru者zhe不bu泰tai迫po乎hu？廉lian耻chi不bu行xing，大da臣chen无wu乃nai握wo重zhong权quan，大da官guan而er有you徒tu隶li亡wang耻chi之zhi心xin乎hu？夫fu望wang夷yi之zhi事shi，二er世shi见jian当dang以yi重zhong法fa者zhe，投tou鼠shu而er不bu忌ji器qi之zhi习xi也ye。臣chen闻wen之zhi，履lv虽sui鲜xian不bu加jia于yu枕zhen，冠guan虽sui敝bi不bu以yi苴ju履lv。夫fu尝chang已yi在zai贵gui宠chong之zhi位wei，天tian子zi改gai容rong而er体ti貌mao之zhi矣yi，吏li民min尝chang俯fu伏fu以yi敬jing畏wei之zhi矣yi，今jin而er有you过guo，帝di令ling废fei之zhi可ke也ye，退tui之zhi可ke也ye，赐ci之zhi死si可ke也ye，灭mie之zhi可ke也ye；若ruo夫fu束shu缚fu之zhi，系xi緤xie之zhi，输shu之zhi司si寇kou，编bian之zhi徒tu官guan，司si寇kou小xiao吏li詈li骂ma而er榜bang笞chi之zhi，殆dai非fei所suo以yi令ling众zhong庶shu见jian也ye。夫fu卑bei贱jian者zhe习xi知zhi尊zun贵gui者zhe之zhi一yi旦dan，吾wu亦yi乃nai可ke以yi加jia此ci也ye，非fei所suo以yi习xi天tian下xia也ye，非fei尊zun尊zun贵gui贵gui之zhi化hua也ye。夫fu天tian子zi之zhi所suo尝chang敬jing，众zhong庶shu之zhi所suo尝chang宠chong，死si而er死si耳er，贱jian人ren安an宜yi得de如ru此ci而er顿dun辱ru之zhi哉zai！豫yu让rang事shi中zhong行xing之zhi君jun，智zhi伯bo伐fa而er灭mie之zhi，移yi事shi智zhi伯bo。及ji赵zhao灭mie智zhi伯bo，豫yu让rang衅xin面mian吞tun炭tan，必bi报bao襄xiang子zi，五wu起qi而er不bu中zhong。人ren问wen豫yu子zi，豫yu子zi曰yue：“中zhong行xing众zhong人ren畜xu我wo，我wo故gu众zhong人ren事shi之zhi；智zhi伯bo国guo士shi遇yu我wo，我wo故gu国guo士shi报bao之zhi。”故gu此ci一yi豫yu让rang也ye，反fan君jun事shi仇chou，行xing若ruo狗gou彘zhi，已yi而er抗kang节jie致zhi忠zhong，行xing出chu乎hu列lie士shi，人ren主zhu使shi然ran也ye。故gu主zhu上shang遇yu其qi大da臣chen如ru遇yu犬quan马ma，彼bi将jiang犬quan马ma自zi为wei也ye；如ru遇yu官guan徒tu，彼bi将jiang官guan徒tu自zi为wei也ye。顽wan顿dun亡wang耻chi，诟gou亡wang节jie，廉lian耻chi不bu立li，且qie不bu自zi好hao，苟gou若ruo而er可ke，故gu见jian利li则ze逝shi，见jian便bian则ze夺duo。主zhu上shang有you败bai，则ze因yin而er挺ting之zhi矣yi；主zhu上shang有you患huan，则ze吾wu苟gou免mian而er已yi，立li而er观guan之zhi耳er；有you便bian吾wu身shen者zhe，则ze欺qi卖mai而er利li之zhi耳er。人ren主zhu将jiang何he便bian于yu此ci？群qun下xia至zhi众zhong，而er主zhu上shang至zhi少shao也ye，所suo托tuo财cai器qi职zhi业ye者zhe粹cui于yu群qun下xia也ye。俱ju亡wang耻chi，俱ju苟gou妄wang，则ze主zhu上shang最zui病bing。故gu古gu者zhe礼li不bu及ji庶shu人ren，刑xing不bu至zhi大da夫fu，所suo以yi厉li宠chong臣chen之zhi节jie也ye。古gu者zhe大da臣chen有you坐zuo不bu廉lian而er废fei者zhe，不bu谓wei不bu廉lian，曰yue“簠fu簋gui不bu饰shi”；坐zuo污wu秽hui淫yin乱luan男nan女nv亡wang别bie者zhe，不bu曰yue污wu秽hui，曰yue“帷wei薄bao不bu修xiu”，坐zuo罢ba软ruan不bu胜sheng任ren者zhe，不bu谓wei罢ba软ruan，曰yue“下xia官guan不bu职zhi”。故gu贵gui大da臣chen定ding有you其qi罪zui矣yi，犹you未wei斥chi然ran正zheng以yi呼hu之zhi也ye，尚shang迁qian就jiu而er为wei之zhi讳hui也ye。故gu其qi在zai大da谴qian大da何he之zhi域yu者zhe，闻wen谴qian何he则ze白bai冠guan缨ying，盘pan水shui加jia剑jian，造zao请qing室shi而er请qing罪zui耳er，上shang不bu执zhi缚fu系xi引yin而er行xing也ye。其qi有you中zhong罪zui者zhe，闻wen命ming而er自zi弛chi，上shang不bu使shi人ren颈jing而er加jia也ye。其qi有you大da罪zui者zhe，闻wen命ming则ze北bei面mian再zai拜bai，跌die而er自zi裁cai，上shang不bu使shi捽zuo抑yi而er刑xing之zhi也ye，曰yue：“子zi大da夫fu自zi有you过guo耳er！吾wu遇yu子zi有you礼li矣yi。”遇yu之zhi有you礼li，故gu群qun臣chen自zi憙xi；婴ying以yi廉lian耻chi，故gu人ren矜jin节jie行xing。上shang设she廉lian礼li义yi以yi遇yu其qi臣chen，而er臣chen不bu以yi节jie行xing报bao其qi上shang者zhe，则ze非fei人ren类lei也ye。故gu化hua成cheng俗su定ding，则ze为wei人ren臣chen者zhe主zhu耳er忘wang身shen，国guo耳er忘wang家jia，公gong耳er忘wang私si，利li不bu苟gou就jiu，害hai不bu苟gou去qu，唯wei义yi所suo在zai。上shang之zhi化hua也ye，故gu父fu兄xiong之zhi臣chen诚cheng死si宗zong庙miao，法fa度du之zhi臣chen诚cheng死si社she稷ji，辅fu翼yi之zhi臣chen诚cheng死si君jun上shang，守shou圄yu扞han敌di之zhi臣chen诚cheng死si城cheng郭guo封feng疆jiang。故gu曰yue圣sheng人ren有you金jin城cheng者zhe，比bi物wu此ci志zhi也ye。彼bi且qie为wei我wo死si，故gu吾wu得de与yu之zhi俱ju生sheng；彼bi且qie为wei我wo亡wang，故gu吾wu得de与yu之zhi俱ju存cun；夫fu将jiang为wei我wo危wei，故gu吾wu得de与yu之zhi皆jie安an。顾gu行xing而er忘wang利li，守shou节jie而er仗zhang义yi，故gu可ke以yi托tuo不bu御yu之zhi权quan，可ke以yi寄ji六liu尺chi之zhi孤gu。此ci厉li廉lian耻chi行xing礼li谊yi之zhi所suo致zhi也ye，主zhu上shang何he丧sang焉yan！此ci之zhi不bu为wei，而er顾gu彼bi之zhi久jiu行xing，故gu曰yue可ke为wei长chang太tai息xi者zhe此ci也ye。

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贾谊简介

两汉·贾谊的简介

贾谊（前200～前168），汉族，洛阳（今河南省洛阳市东）人，字太傅。西汉初年著名的政论家、文学家。18岁即有才名，年轻时由河南郡守吴公推荐，20余岁被文帝召为博士。不到一年被破格提为太中大夫。但是在23岁时，因遭群臣忌恨，被贬为长沙王的太傅。后被召回长安，为梁怀王太傅。梁怀王坠马而死后，贾谊深自歉疚，直至33岁忧伤而死。其著作主要有散文和辞赋两类。散文如《过秦论》、《论积贮疏》、《陈政事疏》等都很有名；辞赋以《吊屈原赋》、《鵩鸟赋》最著名。

...〔► 贾谊的诗(6篇)〕