gross

• adj. 总共的；粗野的；恶劣的；显而易见的
• vt. 总共收入
• n. 总额，总数
• n. (Gross)人名；(英、法、德、意、葡、西、俄、芬、罗、捷、匈)格罗斯

词态变化

中文词源

来自拉丁语grossus, 厚的，粗糙的。可能来自PIE*ghreu, 刮，磨，词源同great. 即刮下来来的粗糙大块状物体，后来指大的，总的。

英文词源

gross

gross: [14] Gross comes via Old French gros from late Latin grossus ‘large, bulky’, a word of unknown origin (not related to German gross ‘large’). Its association with literal physical size has now largely died out in English, in the face of a growing figurative role in such senses as ‘coarse, vulgar’ and (of amounts) ‘total, entire’. Its use as a noun meaning ‘144’, which dates from the 15th century, comes from the French phrase grosse douzaine ‘large dozen’. Grocer is a derivative, as is engross [14]; this originally meant ‘buy up wholesale’, hence ‘gain exclusive possession of’ and, by metaphorical extension, ‘occupy all the attention of’.
=> engross, grocer

gross (adj.)

mid-14c., "large;" early 15c., "thick," also "coarse, plain, simple," from Old French gros "big, thick, fat; tall; strong, powerful; pregnant; coarse, rude, awkward; ominous, important; arrogant" (11c.), from Late Latin grossus "thick, coarse" (of food or mind), in Medieval Latin "great, big" (source also of Spanish grueso, Italian grosso), a word of obscure origin, not in classical Latin. Said to be unrelated to Latin crassus, which meant the same thing, or to German gross "large," but said by Klein to be cognate with Old Irish bres, Middle Irish bras "big."

Its meaning forked in English. Via the notion of "coarse in texture or quality" came the senses "not sensitive, dull stupid" (1520s), "vulgar, coarse in a moral sense" (1530s). Via notion of "general, not in detail" came the sense "entire, total, whole, without deductions" (early 15c.), as in gross national product (1947). Meaning "glaring, flagrant, monstrous" is from 1580s; modern meaning "disgusting" is first recorded 1958 in U.S. student slang, from earlier use as an intensifier of unpleasant things (gross stupidity, etc.).

gross (n.)

"a dozen dozen," early 15c., from Old French grosse douzaine "large dozen;" see gross (adj.). Earlier as the name of a measure of weight equal to one-eighth of a dram (early 15c.). Sense of "total profit" (opposed to net (adj.)) is from 1520s.

gross (v.)

"to earn a total of," 1884, from gross (adj.) in the "whole, total" sense. Slang meaning "make (someone) disgusted" (usually with out) is from 1971. Related: Grossed; grossing.

双语例句

1. I only resist things like chocolate if I feel really gross.

我只有在觉得自己胖得很难看的时候才能拒绝巧克力这类东西的诱惑。

来自柯林斯例句

2. His gross misman-agement left the company desperately in need of restructuring.

他管理上的重大失误使公司陷入亟须重组的境地。

来自柯林斯例句

3. They were found guilty of acts of gross indecency.

他们因存在严重猥亵行为而被判有罪。

来自柯林斯例句

4. Interest is paid gross, rather than having tax deducted.

利息是按照总收入给付，未扣除税金。

来自柯林斯例句

5. Is reading a child'sdiary always a gross invasion of privacy?

偷看孩子的日记一定是对个人隐私的严重侵犯吗？

来自柯林斯例句